Explore the interactions between organisms (producers, consumers, decomposers) and their environments.

Learn about energy flow through food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids.

Study biogeochemical cycles such as the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.

Examine the effects of population dynamics, including growth patterns, carrying capacity, and limiting factors.

Investigate community interactions such as competition, predation, symbiosis, and mutualism.

Understand the impact of human activities on ecosystems, including pollution, habitat loss, and climate change.

Explore the concepts of ecological succession and how ecosystems recover from disturbances.

Learn methods for conservation and sustainable resource management.

Analyze current ecological issues and potential solutions to protect Earth’s biodiversity.